Updates

August 2011

The August 2011 update adds 95 new articles. Highlights include new overview articles on Law of the Sea, International Economic Law, and State Immunity, as well as several articles on aspects of the international financial system such as Debt Crisis, Monetary Unions and Monetary Zones, and the Bank for International Settlements .

There will be a further update of new articles just prior to the publication of the print edition of the Encyclopedia in early 2012.

Latest Articles added

African Union (AU)

Age Discrimination

Agenda for Development

Argentine Debt Crisis

Armed Conflict, International

Bank for International Settlements (BIS)

Bombardment

Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC)

Civilian Objects

Combatants, Unlawful

Debt Crisis

Decolonization: French Territories

Decolonization: Portuguese Territories

Disarmament

Double Taxation

Economic Sanctions

Economic Warfare

Ethnicity

Eurasian Economic Community (EUrAsEC)

European Community and Union, Decision-Making and Competences on International Law Issues

European Community and Union, Mixed Agreements

European Union, Historical Evolution

Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas

Foreign Aid Agreements

Free Trade Areas

General Agreement on Trade in Services (1994)

German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia

Global Administrative Law

Goods, Free Circulation of

Governments in Exile

Heleanna Incident

Hijacking

Hostages

Human Rights, Treaties, Third-Party Effect

Humanitarian Intervention

Immunities, Special Missions

Individuals in International Law

International Development Association (IDA)

International Economic Law

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

International Law, Regional Developments: East Asia

International Military Tribunals

International Organizations or Institutions, Privileges and Immunities

International Relations, Principal Theories

International Watercourses, Environmental Protection

Investments, Bilateral Treaties

Kadi Case

Kosovo (Advisory Opinion)

Lake Victoria

Land Mines

Law of the Sea

Liability for Environmental Damage

Marine Pollution from Ships, Prevention of and Responses to

Military Forces Abroad

Modus vivendi

Monetary Unions and Monetary Zones

Moratorium

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

National Treatment, Principle

Nationality Cases before International Courts and Tribunals

Navigation, Freedom of

Neutrality, Concept and General Rules

New International Economic Order (NIEO)

Oil Platforms Case

Optional Provision

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Overseas Territories, Australia, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States of America

Pacific Islands Forum

Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (2005)/Accra Agenda for Action (2008)

Peace Treaties

Peacekeeping Forces

Pipelines

Ports

Private Military Companies

Protected Persons

Regional Co-operation and Organization: Pacific Region

Requisitions

Restitution

Satisfaction

Security Zones

Self-Defence

State Immunity

Territory, Discovery

Terrorism

United Nations Charter

United Nations Charter, History of

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

United Nations Trusteeship System

United Nations, General Assembly

Warsaw Treaty Organization

Warships, Sunken

Weapons of Mass Destruction, Counter-Proliferation

Western European Union (WEU)

World Trade Organization (WTO)

World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement

May 2011

The May 2011 update adds 46 new articles to the Encyclopedia. Highlights include topics such as Compliance, Amnesties, International Administration of Territory, and Gay Rights.

The next upload will be in August 2011.

Latest articles added

Abyei Arbitration

Aegean Sea

Ahmadou Sadio Diallo Case (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Amnesties

Armed Forces

Blaškić Case

Borchgrave Case

Bretton Woods Conference (1944)

Chemical Weapons and Warfare

Compliance

Conference (Meeting) of States Parties

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cultural Property, Protection in Armed Conflict

Decolonization: Spanish Territories

Deserters

Development, Right to, International Protection

Eco-Labelling

Environment and Indigenous Peoples

European Community and Union, Association Agreements

European Economic Area (EEA)

Francophonie

Gay Rights

Governance, Theory of

Governmental Activities on Foreign Territory

International Administration of Territories

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Korean War (1950-53)

Marriages Performed by Diplomatic and Consular Agents

Medical Transportation

Mercenaries

Nature, International Protection

Peace, Proposals for the Preservation of

Public Health, International Co-operation

Rann of Kutch Arbitration (Indo-Pakistan Western Boundary)

Regional Co-operation and Organization: American States

Rwanda

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Stateless Persons

Trade and Human Rights

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (2004)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

United Nations Standby Arrangement System (UNSAS)

Veto

December 2010

The last update of 2010 sees 41 new articles added to the Encyclopedia in addition to 37 updated articles. There is a strong focus on the laws of war with 20 of the new articles sitting in the Use of Force or International Humanitarian Law subject categories.

The new articles include broad-ranging topics such as Refugees and International Law of Cooperation, as well as modern topics such as Cyber Warfare. The updated articles include a thoroughly revised entry on Piracy incorporating all the events of the past year.

The next upload will be in May 2011.

Latest articles added

African Court of Justice (ACJ)

Air Warfare

Asymmetric Warfare

Burundi

Civilian Population in Armed Conflict

Contributions

Convoy

Cooperation, International Law of

Cyber Warfare

Dardanelles and Bosporus

Decolonization: Dutch Territories

Demarcation Line

Environmental Compliance Control

German Minorities in Poland, Cases concerning the

Housing, Right to, International Protection

International Law, Regional Developments: South and South-East Asia

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

Intertanko Case

Iraq, Non-Fly Zones

Iraqi Special Tribunal

Militias

Miloševic Trial

Moon and Celestial Bodies

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

Neutral Nationals

New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)

Objective Regime

Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes

Rainbow Warrior, The

Refugees

Region of War

Resident Coordinator

Rocks

Ruses of War

Safe Harbour

Sahara

Sapphire Arbitration

Ships, Diverting and Ordering into Port

United Nations and International Humanitarian Law

Weapons, Prohibited

World Trade, Principles

Latest updated articles

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981)

Aliens, Expulsion and Deportation

American Convention on Human Rights (1969)

American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man (1948)

Apartheid

Assimilation, Forced

Best Practices

Child Abduction

Codes of Conduct

Consensus

Consent

Critical Theory

Feminism, Approach to International Law

Forced Population Transfer

Gran Chaco Conflict

Hague Academy of International Law

Human Rights Committee

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance of Rio de Janeiro (1947)

International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

Internationalization

Minimum Standards

Organization of American States (OAS)

Piracy

Refugees, League of Nations Offices

Teachings of the Most Highly Qualified Publicists (Art. 38 (1) ICJ Statute)

Treaties, Multilateral, Reservations to

Trust Funds

Versailles Peace Treaty (1919)

Zollverein (German Customs Union)

August 2010

The August 2010 upload adds 40 new articles to the Encyclopedia. Two of the articles in particular exemplify the way that the Encyclopedia's content addresses the international law aspects of topical issues in international affairs. The Lockerbie Cases article explains the ICJ proceedings and the criminal trial which saw the conviction of Abdelbaset Ali Al Megrahi whose controversial release in 2009 has led to diplomatic tensions between the UK and USA. The international law background to Kosovo's declaration of independence which was the subject of an ICJ Advisory Opinion in July 2010 can be found in the article on Territorial Integrity and Political Independence.

The next upload will be in December 2010.

Latest articles added

Arctic Region

Bankovic Case

Civilian Participation in Armed Conflict

Commodities, International Regulation of Production and Trade

Consular Treaties

Currency Control

Delalic Case

Demilitarization

Denaturalization and Forced Exile

Disabled People, Non-Discrimination of

Duty to Protect in Cases of Natural Disasters

Economic Community of Central African States

Enemy Property

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)

Group of Eight (G8)

Havana Charter (1948)

Hong Kong

League of Arab States (LAS)

Lockerbie Cases (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v United Kingdom and United States of America)

Ne bis in idem

Non-Governmental Organizations

Nulla poena nullum crimen sine lege

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Peaceful Coexistence

Pirate Broadcasting

Propaganda

Remnants of War

Sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas

Singapore Oil Stocks Case

State Practice

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)

Technical Assistance

Territorial Integrity and Political Independence

Trade and Culture

Transit of Goods over Foreign Territory

Treaties

Ultimatum

United Nations, Reform

War Materials

World Bank Group

May 2010

The May 2010 upload of new articles includes 13 entries from the International economic law and relations subject area.Highlights include articles on State Bankruptcy, ICSID, NAFTA, Regional Trade, and MERCOSUR. There are also a significant number of new articles on the use of force, including those on Nuclear Weapons and Warfare, and Collective Security.

The next upload will be in August 2010.

Latest articles added

Access to Information on Environmental Matters

Access to Justice in Environmental Matters

American-Mexican Boundary Disputes and Cooperation

Avena and Other Mexican Nationals Case (Mexico v United States of America)

Barrios Altos Case

Brussels Declaration (1874)

Cash and Carry Clause

Ceasefire

Ceuta and Melilla

Cluster Munitions

Collective Security

Common Heritage of Mankind

Commonwealth, Subjects and Nationality Rules

Cyprus

Desertification

Environment, Private Standard-Setting

Eparses Islands

Equitable Utilization of Shared Resources

European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC)

Fisheries Jurisdiction Case (Spain v Canada)

Gibraltar

Groundwater Protection

Hague Peace Conferences (1899 and 1907)

Hereros

Humanity, Principle of

Intellectual Property, International Protection

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

International Labour Organization (ILO)

International Law, Development through International Organizations, Policies and Practice

International Military Forces

Interpretation in International Law

Intervention by Invitation

Iraq-Kuwait War (1990–91)

Israel, Occupied Territories

Krstic Case

LaGrand Case (Germany v United States of America)

Legal Advisers in Armed Forces

Macau

Maritime Jurisdiction

Martens Clause

MERCOSUR, Permanent Appeals Court

Mutual Legal Assistance in Civil and Commercial Matters

Nagorny-Karabakh

National Socialism and International Law

North American Free Trade Agreement (1992)

North American Free Trade Agreement, Dispute Settlement

Nuclear Weapons and Warfare

Pacific Islands

Prize Law

Public Participation in Environmental Matters

Regional Trade Agreements

Russia

Safe Conduct and Safe Passage

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards

Siege

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

Special Envoy

State Bankruptcy

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961)

Yalta Conference (1945)

January 2010

Following the January 2010 update, 106 new articles have been added, including 23 new articles on Regional Organizations, bringing the total for this category to 102. Amongst the articles are nine on European Community law, most of which were only finalized after the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty. These include articles on the European (Economic) Community, the European Community and Union Law and International Law, and the European Central Bank. Other noteworthy additions are articles on the United Nations, Islam and international law, and Prisoners of War.

The next update will be in May 2010

Latest articles added

African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACtHPR)

Achille Lauro Affair

Acquis Communautaire

Admiralty Law

Alliances

American Civil War

American-Canadian Ocean Boundary Disputes and Cooperation

Andean Community of Nations (CAN)

Andean Community of Nations, Court of Justice

Anti-Dumping

Antitrust or Competition Law, International

Archipelagic Waters

Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization (AALCO)

Association, Freedom of, International Protection

Austrian State Treaty (1955)

Barents Sea

Bering Sea

Berlin (1945–91)

Biafra Conflict

Boundary Settlements of Germany after World War II

Capitulations

Children, International Protection

Commercial Contracts, UNIDROIT Principles

Compensation Fund

Contraband

Corfu Channel Case

Corporations in International Law

Corruption, Fight against

Customs Regime between Germany and Austria (Advisory Opinion)

Data, Transboundary Flow, International Protection

Debellatio

Diplomatic Communications, Forms of

Dominican Republic

Economic Coercion

Eritrea

European (Economic) Community

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

European Community and Union Law and International Law

European Community, Membership in International Organizations or Institutions

European Community, Supplementary Agreements between Member States

European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950)

European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)

European Patent System

European Space Agency (ESA)

Europol

Ex Aequo et Bono

Financial Institutions, International

Guerrilla Forces

Hague Conference on Private International Law

Hot Pursuit

International (Humanitarian) Fact-Finding Commission

International Air Transport Association (IATA)

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

International Children's Centre (ICC)

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)

International Law Association (ILA)

International Law, Regional Developments: Islam

International Organizations or Institutions, Headquarters

International Organizations or Institutions, Immunities before National Courts

International Watercourses

Joint Undertakings

Lake Constance

Land Warfare

Lausanne Peace Treaty (1923)

Liberia

Mediterranean Sea

Missing and Dead Persons

Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939)

Most-Favoured-Nation Clause

Mutual Legal Assistance in Administrative Matters

Neutrality in Air Warfare

Neutrality in Land Warfare

New Hebrides (Vanuatu)

Non-Defended Towns

Nordic Cooperation

North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (1993)

North American Free Trade Agreement, Case Law

Nyon Agreement (1937)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Nuclear Energy Agency

Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)

Pacifism

Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, Interpretation of (Advisory Opinions)

Pillage

Port State Jurisdiction

Precautionary Approach/Principle

Prisoners of War

Property, Right to, International Protection

Protecting Power

Regional Arrangements and the United Nations Charter

Reparations

Reprisals

Reproductive Rights, International Regulation

Rules of Origin

Sabbatino Case

Social Security, Right to, International Protection

Status of Armed Forces on Foreign Territory Agreements (SOFA)

Submarine Warfare

Superpowers and Great Powers

Technical Barriers to Trade

Trianon Peace Treaty (1920)

United Nations (UN)

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

United Nations Headquarters Agreement, Obligation to Arbitrate (Advisory Opinion)

United States Nationals in Morocco Case

Whaling

September 2009

The 1001th article of the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law went live online in September 2009.

In the latest upload you can find 41 new articles on the use of force, including several historical articles relating to the Second World War and the Cold War, plus a full length analysis of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The addition of several new articles on International Co-operation and International Economic Law means that there are now over 100 articles on each of these subjects.

The next upload will take place in January 2010

Latest articles added

Aggression

Aliens

Angary, Right of

Apartheid

May 2009

125 new articles were added to the Encyclopedia in May 2009 taking the total number to nearly 850. Of particular interest are articles on Anti-Semitism, Self-Determination and Secret Intelligence. There are now over 50 articles on the Law of treaties and over 100 on the Law of the sea.

The next upload will take place in September 2009.

Latest articles added

Abduction, Transboundary

Aerial Incident Cases before International Courts and Tribunals

Air Defence Identification Zones

Air Law

Akayesu Case

Anti-Semitism

Arrest Warrant Case (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Belgium)

Asamu Maru Incident (1940)

Asylum, Territorial

Baltic States

Bays and Gulfs

Belize Dispute

Belts and Sund

Bhutan

Biological Diversity, International Protection

Boycott

Cabotage

Cambodia Conflicts (Kampuchea)

Capital, Free Flow of

Central American Integration System (SICA)

Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru Case (Nauru v Australia)

Coded Communications (Encryption)

Command Responsibility

Commercial Treaties

Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD)

Competences of the International Labour Organization (Advisory Opinion)

Concessions

Conservation of Natural Resources

Continental Shelf

Council of Europe (COE)

Customs Law, International

Danube River

Danzig, Free City of

Dawes Plan (1924) and Young Plan (1930)

De facto Regime

Death Penalty

Denial of Justice

Desuetudo

Earth Charter (2000)

EC-Bananas Case

Economic Organizations and Groups, International

Environmental Accidents

Environmental Ethics

Environmental Impact Assessment

European Arrest Warrant

European Schools

Fisheries Agreements

Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v Norway)

Fisheries, Sedentary

Flags of Convenience

Free Zones of Upper Savoy and Gex Case

Globalization

Good Faith (Bona fide)

Guantanamo Naval Base

Heads of Diplomatic Missions

Heligoland

High Seas

Historic Titles

Host State Agreements

Hovering Acts

Innocent Passage

Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission (IACAC)

Internal Waters

International Criminal Law

International Organizations or Institutions, External Relations and Co-operation

International Seabed Area

International Seabed Authority (ISA)

International Sports Law

Ius cogens

Kehler Hafen Case

La Bretagne, Arbitral Award

London Naval Conference (1908 and 1909)

Lump Sum Agreements

Malta, Order of

Marckx Case

Marine Scientific Research

Migratory Species, International Protection

Minquiers and Ecrehos Case

Monetary Gold Arbitration and Case

Negotiations, Secret

Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)

Northwest Passage (Canadian-American Controversy)

Norwegian Loans Case

Obligations erga omnes

Oil Concession Disputes, Arbitration on

Opinion and Expression, Freedom of, International Protection

Panama Canal

Paris, Declaration of (1856)

Persona Non Grata

Phosphates in Morocco Case

Pinson Claim Arbitration (France v Mexico)

Postliminium

Premises of Diplomatic Missions

Prescription

Privacy, Right to, International Protection

Procès-verbal

Rapallo Treaty (1922)

Regional Co-operation and Organization: African States

San Marino

Savarkar Case

Secret Intelligence

Sei Fujii v California Case

Self-Determination

Self-Preservation

Société Levant Express Transport v Chemins de fer du gouvernement iranien Case

Southern Bluefin Tuna Cases

Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh Case, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)

Special Representative

Spheres of Influence

States, Fundamental Rights and Duties

Subsidies, International Restrictions

Telecommunications, International Regulation

Territorial and Maritime Dispute Case (Nicaragua v Colombia)

Territorial Sea

Trieste

Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

Tuva

United Nations Administrative Tribunal, Applications for Review (Advisory Opinions)

United Nations, Purposes and Principles

Velàsquez Rodríguez v Honduras Case

Vietnam

War, Protection of Media Workers

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Zeiss Cases

February 2009

After the February 2009 upload there are now over 720 articles available in the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. This latest update includes many new articles on international organizations and international co-operation as well as coverage of topical issues such as Piracy, Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, and the right to a fair trial.

Adriatic Sea

Afghanistan, Conflict

Agenda 21

Airspace

Åland Islands

Aliens, Integration

Angola

Arab Charter on Human Rights (2004)

Assembly, Freedom of, International Protection

Aut dedere aut iudicare

Baltic Sea

Booty in Warfare

Bosphorus Case

Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)

China

Cloning, International Regulation

Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)

Colonialism

Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas (CAMCA)

Common but Differentiated Responsibilities

Compensation

Conditionality

Conferences on the Law of the Sea

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Conscientious Objection

Contiguous Zone

Continuous Nationality

Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) Regime

Crimes against Humanity

Diplomacy

Diplomatic Courier and Bag

Doctrines (Monroe, Hallstein, Brezhnev, Stimson)

Domaine réservé

Ecological Protection Zones

Elbe River

Elettronica Sicula Case

Enclosed or Semi-Enclosed Seas

Endangered Species, International Protection

Fair Trial, Right to, International Protection

Final Clauses

Fish Stocks

Fishery Zones and Limits

Forced Labour/Slave Labour

Free Cities

Ganges River

General Comments/Recommendations

Goa, Conflict

Grenada

Haiti, Conflict

Human Rights Commission of the Arab States

Human Rights, State Reports

Human Rights, Treaties, Extraterritorial Application and Effects

Human Rights, Treaty Bodies

Intergenerational Equity

International Courts and Tribunals, Rules and Practice Directions (ECJ, CFI, ECtHR, IACtHR, ICSID, ITLOS, WTO Panels and Appellate Body)

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)

International Criminal Jurisdiction, Protective Principle

International Law, Regional Developments: Latin America

International Organizations or Institutions, Membership

International Organizations or Institutions, Regional Groups

Intertemporal Law

Intervention, Prohibition of

Islands

Jan Mayen

Korean Air Lines Incident (1983)

Lake Geneva

Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria Case (Cameroon v Nigeria)

Latin American Economic System (SELA)

Law of the Sea, History of

Letelier and Moffit Claim

Liechtenstein

Marine Mammals

Marine Protected Areas

Maritime Boundary between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal Arbitration and Case (Guinea-Bissau v Senegal)

Mass Claims

MERCOSUR

Minorities, International Protection

Missionaries

Nations

Natural Resources, Permanent Sovereignty over

Nepal

Neuilly Peace Treaty (1919)

Neutrals, Disarming and Internment of Belligerents

Niger River

North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (1993)

Okavango River

Ottoman Debt Arbitration

Outer Space, Liability for Damage

Overflight

Pactum de contrahendo, pactum de negotiando

Paracel Archipelago

Paraná River

Passports

Persian Gulf

Piracy

Population, Expulsion and Transfer

Postal Communications, International Regulation

Privateering

Pulp Mills on the River Uruguay (Argentina v Uruguay)

Railway Transport, International Regulation

Reciprocity

Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards

Regional Development Banks

Saar Territory

Salem Case

Same-Sex Partnership, International Protection

Shatt al Arab

Ships in Distress

Sierra Leone

Sikkim

Sociological Theories of International Law

Spacecraft, Satellites and Space Objects

Spitsbergen/Svalbard

Spratly Islands

Stare decisis

State Aircraft

Stockholm Declaration (1972) and Rio Declaration (1992)

Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks

Submarines

Suez Canal

Surrender, Non-Aliens

Taiwan

Tangier

Territory, Abandonment

Territory, Lease

Tibet

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Tourism

Transnational Organized Crime

United Nations Commission on Human Rights/United Nations Human Rights Council

United States Alien Tort Claims Act (1789)

Unjust Enrichment

Wena v Egypt Case

Western Sahara (Advisory Opinion)

Wetlands

Xenophobia

October 2008

135 new articles were added to the site at the end of October 2008. The new articles include many with a geographic angle - covering African boundary disputes, legal issues relating to many of the world's great rivers and over 20 articles on the law of the sea. There is also new material on international criminal law, including articles on high profile trials such as those of Eichmann and Pinochet, and overview pieces on the International Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda.

The next upload will take place in February 2009.

Latest articles added

Air Transport Disputes, Arbitrations on

Ambatielos Case

Analogy in International Law

ANZUS Pact (1951)

Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Case (Bosnia and Herzegovina v Serbia and Montenegro)

Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)

Artificial Islands, Installations and Structures

Border and Transborder Armed Actions Case (Nicaragua v Honduras; Nicaragua v Costa Rica)

Boundary Disputes in Africa

Canals

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Central America

Central American Court of Justice (CACJ)

Chevreau Claim Arbitration

Civil Defence

Conferences and Congresses, International

Conflict Prevention

Continental Shelf, Commission on the Limits of the

Costa v ENEL Case

Cultural Heritage

Delagoa Bay Arbitration

Démarche, Diplomatic

Democracy, Right to, International Protection

Detention, Arbitrary

Developing Countries

Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands

Disappearances

Dokdo/Takeshima Islands

Eastern Carelia (Request for Advisory Opinion)

Effectiveness

Eichmann Case

Emergency, State of

Enclaves

Equality of Individuals

Estuaries

European Commission of the Danube, Jurisdiction of the (Advisory Opinion)

European Convention on State Immunity (1972)

European Passport

Exclusive Economic Zones

Expropriated Religious Properties Arbitration (France, United Kingdom, Spain v Portugal)

Extraterritoriality

Family, Right to, International Protection

Fisheries Jurisdiction Cases (United Kingdom v Iceland; Federal Republic of Germany v Iceland)

Fisheries, Coastal

Fishing Boats

Flegenheimer Claim

Food, Right to, International Protection

Fourteen Points of Wilson (1918)

Free Ports

Frontier Dispute Case (Benin/Niger)

Frontier Dispute Case (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali)

Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros Case (Hungary/Slovakia)

General Principles of Law

Geographically Disadvantaged States

Geostationary Orbit

German Forced Labour Compensation Programme

German Minority Schools in Upper Silesia (Advisory Opinion)

Hamden case

Health, Right to, International Protection

History of International Law, Ancient Times to 1648

History of International Law, since World War II

Holy Places

Human Rights, State Complaints

Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for (UNHCHR)

Humanitarian Assistance in Cases of Emergency

Ila?cu Case

Indus River

Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance of Rio de Janeiro (1947)

International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)

International Civil Aviation Organization, Jurisdiction of, Case

International Courts and Tribunals, Procedure

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

International Law and Domestic (Municipal) Law, Law and Decisions of International Organizations and Courts

International Legal Theory and Doctrine

International Organizations or Institutions, Decision-Making Bodies

International Organizations or Institutions, Democratic Legitimacy

International Organizations or Institutions, Secretariats

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft Case

Islands, New

Israeli Wall Advisory Opinion (Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory)

Jordan River

Judgments of International Courts and Tribunals

Kasikili/Sedudu Island Case (Botswana/Namibia)

La Plata Basin

Land-Locked States

Legal Advisers

Liberty, Right to, International Protection

Lighthouses and Lightships

Liner Conferences

Loizidou Case

Maffezini v Spain Case

Maritime Delimitation between Greenland and Jan Mayen Case (Denmark v Norway)

Martini Case

Mekong River

Micro States

Monaco

Multiple Nationality

Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

Northern Cameroons Case

Northern Ireland

Oder-Neisse Line

Opinion 1/94

Parliamentary Assemblies, International

Passage through the Great Belt Case (Finland v Denmark)

Pinochet Cases

Pledge of State Territory and Property

Private International Law

Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)

Prompt Release of Vessels and Crews

Public Private Partnership

Recognition of Foreign Legislative and Administrative Acts

Regional Co-operation

Regional Co-operation and Organization: European States

Religion or Belief, Freedom of, International Protection

Rio Grande (Rio Bravo)

Roadsteads

Rule of Law

Security, Right to, International Protection

South West Africa/Namibia (Advisory Opinions and Judgments)

Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land Case (Belgium/Netherlands)

Spanish Civil War (1936-39)

State Responsibility

States, Extinction of

States, Sovereign Equality

Transit Passage

United Nations Charter, Amendment

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)

United Nations, Regional Commissions

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

Victims' Rights

Volga River

Warning Zones at Sea

Wimbledon, The

Zambezi River

August 2008

The new online edition of the Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law is now live. The initial upload includes over 450 articles including over 120 that relate to judicial decisions and dispute settlement, and a set of articles covering the history of international law. The next upload will take place in October 2008.

Latest articles added

AAPL v Sri Lanka Case

Aboriginal Title

Abu Dhabi Oil Arbitration

Abuse of Rights

Accretion

Acquiescence

Administrative Boards, Commissions and Tribunals in International Organizations

Admission of a State to Membership in the United Nations (Advisory Opinions)

Advisory Opinions

Advisory Opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice on Issues of the International Labour Organization

African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (1981)

African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights (ACommHPR)

Air Transport Agreements, Regulation of Liability

Alabama Arbitration

Al-Adsani Case

Aliens, Expulsion and Deportation

Altmark, The

Amazon River

Amco v Indonesia Case

American Convention on Human Rights (1969)

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948)

Amnesty International (AI)

Amu Darya and Syr Darya Rivers and Aral Sea

Andorra

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Case

Annexation

Aqaba, Gulf of

Arab Free Trade Area Agreement (1997)

Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany

Arbitration

Arbitration and Conciliation Treaties

Argentina-Chile Frontier Cases

Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo Cases

Assimilation, Forced

Astronauts

Asylum, Diplomatic

Atlantic Charter (1941)

Badinter Commission (for the Former Yugoslavia)

Balance of Power

Banco de Bilbao v Sancha and Rey Case

Bandung Conference (1955)

Barcelona Traction Case

Baselines

Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU)

Berlin West Africa Conference (1884-85)

Best Practices

Brahmaputra River

Brazilian Loans Case and Serbian Loans Case

Broadcasting, International Regulation

Bryan Treaties (1913-14)

Buraimi Oasis Dispute

Calvo Doctrine/Calvo Clause

Camp David Accords (1978)

Canevaro Claim Arbitration

Cavallo Case

Certain Expenses of the United Nations (Advisory Opinion)

Certain Property Case (Liechtenstein v Germany)

Cession

Channel Islands and Isle of Man

Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States (1974)

Child Abduction

Children and Armed Conflict

Chilean Copper, Nationalization, Review by Courts of Third States

Civil Aviation, Offences against Safety

Civil Service, International

Claims, International

Clean Hands, Principle

Clerget v Banque commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord Case

Clipperton Island Arbitration

Codes of Conduct

Codification and Progressive Development of International Law

Coercion

Collisions at Sea

Colorado River

Columbia River

Combatants

Comity

Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR)

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)

Community Interest

Compromis

Conciliation

Conciliation Commissions Established Pursuant to Art. 83 Peace Treaty with Italy (1947)

Concordats

Condominium and Coimperium

Confederations of States

Confidence-Building Measures

Congo River

Connally Reservation

Consensus

Consent

Continental Shelf Arbitration (France v United Kingdom)

Continental Shelf Case (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta)

Continuity of States

Contracts between International Organizations and Private Law Persons

Contracts between States and Foreign Private Law Persons

Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

Costa Rica Packet Arbitration

Crimean War (1853-56)

Critical Theory

Cultural Life, Right to Participate in, International Protection

Customary International Law

De facto Organs of a State

Declaration

Depositary

Development, International Law of

Dismemberment of States

Dogger Bank Incident (1904)

Dover, Strait of

Drago-Porter Convention (1907)

Due Diligence

Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944)

Eastern Greenland Case

EC-Hormones Case

Education, Right to, International Protection

Election Monitoring, International

Elections, Right to Participate in, International Protection

Entente Cordiale

Equity in International Law

Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission

Eritrea-Yemen Arbitration

ERTA Case

Estoppel

European Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes (1957)

European Social Charter

Executive Agreement

Extradition

Fact-Finding

Faroe Islands

Fault

Federal States

Feminism, Approach to International Law

Flags of Truce

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Forced Population Transfer

Forum non conveniens

Fragmentation of International Law

Framework Agreements

Frankfurt Peace Treaty (1871)

Gacaca Courts

Gender-Based Crimes

General Participation Clause (Clausula si omnes)

Genocide

Germany-United States Peace Treaty (1921)

Good Offices

Governments

Gran Chaco Conflict (1928-35)

Grisbadarna Case

Guantanamo, Detainees

Guardianship of Infants Convention Case

Gulf of Maine Case

Gut Dam Claims

Guyana-Venezuela Border Dispute

Hague Academy of International Law

Haile Selassie v Cable and Wireless Ltd Case

Haya de la Torre Cases

Heads of Governments and Other Senior Officials

Heads of State

History of International Law, 1648 to 1815

History of International Law, 1815 to World War I

History of International Law, Basic Questions and Principles

History of International Law, World War I to World War II

Holy Alliance (1815)

Holy Roman Empire

Holy See

Human Dignity, International Protection

Human Rights

Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

Human Rights Committee

Human Rights Education

Human Rights, Individual Communications/Complaints

Human Rights, Remedies

Human Trafficking

I'm Alone, The

Immigration

Implementation Agreements

Indigenous Peoples, Treaties with

INMARSAT

INTELSAT

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACommHR)

Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR)

Interdependence

Interhandel Case

Interim (Provisional) Measures of Protection

International Administrative Unions

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

International Bureau of Education (IBE)

International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

International Civil Defence Organisation (ICDO)

International Commission of the Oder, Jurisdiction of, Case

International Commission on Civil Status (ICCS)

International Committee of Military Medicine (ICMM)

International Court of Justice (ICJ)

International Court of Justice, Optional Clause

International Court of Justice, Rules and Practice Directions

International Courts and Tribunals

International Courts and Tribunals, Agents, Counsel and Advocates

International Courts and Tribunals, Amicus Curiae

International Courts and Tribunals, Appeals

International Courts and Tribunals, Chambers

International Courts and Tribunals, Discontinuance of Cases

International Courts and Tribunals, Evidence

International Courts and Tribunals, Intervention in Proceedings

International Courts and Tribunals, Judges and Arbitrators

International Courts and Tribunals, Jurisdiction and Admissibility of Inter-State Applications

International Courts and Tribunals, Multiple Jurisdiction

International Courts and Tribunals, Non-Appearance

International Courts and Tribunals, Standing

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

International Criminal Court (ICC)

International Criminal Courts and Tribunals, Complementarity and Jurisdiction

International Criminal Courts and Tribunals, Procedure

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)

International Law Commission (ILC)

International Legislation

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

International Organizations or Institutions, Decision-Making Process

International Organizations or Institutions, General Aspects

International Organizations or Institutions, Internal Law and Rules

International Organizations or Institutions, Legal Remedies against Acts of Organs

International Organizations or Institutions, Observer Status

International Organizations or Institutions, Secondary Law

International Organizations or Institutions, Succession

International Organizations or Institutions, Supervision and Sanctions

International Organizations or Institutions, Voting Rules and Procedures

International Prize Court (IPC)

International Public Order

International Refugee Organization (IRO)

International Schools and Universities

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)

Internationalization

Internment

Interpol

Investment Disputes

Iran-United States Claims Tribunal

Irredentism

Jay Treaty (1794)

Jerusalem

Joint Inspection Unit (JIU)

Judgments of International Courts and Tribunals, Interpretation of

Judgments of International Courts and Tribunals, Revision of

Judicial and Arbitral Decisions, Validity and Nullity

Jurisdiction of States

Kronprins Gustaf Adolf and Pacific Arbitration

Lac Lanoux Arbitration

Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute Case (El Salvador/Honduras: Nicaragua Intervening)

Law of the Sea, Settlement of Disputes

League of Nations

Legal Process School

Legal Realism School

Lena Goldfields Arbitration

Life, Right to, International Protection

Local Remedies, Exhaustion of

Locarno Treaties (1925)

Lockerbie Trial

Lotus, The

Macedonia

Mandates

Margin of Appreciation

Maritime Boundary between Guinea and Guinea-Bissau Arbitration (Guinea v Guinea-Bissau)

Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v Bahrain)

Maritime Delimitation Cases before International Courts and Tribunals

Marxism

Mavrommatis Concessions Cases

Mayagna (Sumo) Awas Tingni Community v Nicaragua Case

McCann Case

Mediation

Memel Territory Statute, Interpretation of, Case

Methodology of International Law

Meuse, Diversion of Water Case (Netherlands v Belgium)

Migrant Workers

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua Case (Nicaragua v United States of America)

Military Objectives

Minimum Standards

Minorities, European Protection

Minority Protection System between World War I and World War II

Mixed Claims Commissions

Mixed Commissions

Mixed Courts, Other (National Courts with International Participation)

Mixed Criminal Tribunals (Sierra Leone, East Timor, Kosovo, Cambodia)

Montenegro

Moselle River

Movement, Freedom of, International Protection

MOX Plant Arbitration and Cases

Mundat Forest

Muscat Dhows, The

Natural Law and Justice

Naulilaa Arbitration (Portugal v Germany)

Negotiation

Neighbour States

Neuilly Peace Treaty Cases

New States and International Law

Non liquet

Non-Binding Agreements

Non-State Actors

North Sea Continental Shelf Cases

Norwegian Shipowners' Claims Arbitration

Nottebohm Case

Nuclear Tests Cases

Nullity in International Law

Option of Nationality

Orange River

Ordre public (Public Policy)

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Court of Conciliation and Arbitration

Organization of American States (OAS)

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)

Oscar Chinn Case

Outer Space

Pacta sunt servanda

Panevezys-Saldutiskis Railway Case

Paria, Gulf of

Peace, Right to, International Protection

Peaceful Change

Peaceful Purposes

Pearl Fisheries

Peoples

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ)

Persistent Objector

Pious Fund Arbitration

Portugal v Council Case

Postal Ships

Preamble

Preliminary Objections

Prince von Pless Administration (Orders)

Prior Informed Consent

Promise

Property Commissions Established pursuant to Art. 15 Peace Treaty with Japan (1951)

Protest

Pueblo Incident (1968)

Racial and Religious Discrimination

Reasonableness in International Law

Red Crusader Incident (1961)

Red Sea

Refugees, League of Nations Offices

Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for (UNHCR)

Regime Theory

Regional International Law

Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (Advisory Opinion)

Repatriation

Representatives of States in International Relations

Res iudicata

Resistance, Right to, International Protection

Responsibility to Protect

Revere Copper Arbitral Award

Right of Passage over Indian Territory Case

River Bridges

Saavedra Lamas Treaty (1933)

Salvage

Satellite Broadcasting

Scheldt River

Scilingo Case

Sea Fisheries Cases before the European Court of Justice

Self-Contained Regime

Sidra, Gulf of

Slavery

Soering Case

Solidarity Rights (Development, Peace, Environment, Humanitarian Assistance)

Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh Case, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)

Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan Case (Indonesia/Malaysia)

Spanish Zone of Morocco Claims

State Succession in Other Matters than Treaties

State Succession in Treaties

Status Quo

Straits, International

Subjects of International Law

Subsidiarity

Taba Arbitration

Tacit Consent/Opting Out Procedure

Taft Arbitration Treaties (1911)

Taliban

Teachings of the Most Highly Qualified Publicists (Art. 38 (1) ICJ Statute)

Temple of Preah Vihear Case

Tinoco Concessions Arbitration

Torrey Canyon, The

Torture, Prohibition of

Trail Smelter Arbitration

Transsexuals and Transgenders, International Protection

Treaties of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation

Treaties, Amendment and Revision

Treaties, Conclusion and Entry into Force

Treaties, Conflict Clauses

Treaties, Conflicts between

Treaties, Declarations of Interpretation

Treaties, Direct Applicability

Treaties, Fundamental Change of Circumstances

Treaties, Multilateral, Reservations to

Treaties, Object and Purpose

Treaties, Provisional Application

Treaties, Registration and Publication

Treaties, Secret

Treaties, Suspension

Treaties, Termination

Treaties, Territorial Application

Treaties, Third-Party Effect

Treaties, Unequal

Treaties, Validity

Treaty of Lausanne, Interpretation of (Advisory Opinion)

Trust Funds

Truth, Right to, International Protection

UNIDROIT

Unilateral Acts of States in International Law

Union Carbide Cases

United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF)

United Nations Charter, Enemy States Clauses

United Nations Charter, Interpretation of

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)

United Nations Committees and Subsidiary Bodies, System of

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Arbitral Award on the Interpretation of the Constitution of

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Headquarters Arbitration

United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT)

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)

United Nations University (UNU)

United Nations, Autonomous Research Institutes

United Nations, Millennium Declaration

United Nations, Security Council

United Nations, Sixth Committee

United Nations, Specialized Agencies

United Nations, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights

United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran Case (United States of America v Iran)

United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (1976)

United States v California Cases

Uniting for Peace Resolution (1950)

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

University for Peace (UPEACE)

US-Shrimp Case

Venice Commission

Versailles Peace Treaty (1919)

Vienna Congress (1815)

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)

Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations of a Universal Character (1975)

Vienna World Conference on Human Rights (1993)

Vivendi (Compañia de Aguas del Aconquija) v Argentina Case

Waiver

Water, Right to, International Protection

Westphalian System

Women, Rights of, International Protection

Work, Right to, International Protection

World Food Council (WFC)

World Food Programme (WFP)

World Health Organization (WHO)

World Population

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Zollverein (German Customs Union)